Detailed project information

Barrows - burial mounds - are the most widespread visible prehistoric monuments in Europe. Although usually seen as generic burial sites, it can be argued that especially barrows of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC were highly important ritual places to prehistoric communities. It is not just the often exotic burial equipment of barrow graves which indicates this, but also the fact that in the course of time entire ?barrow landscapes? could emerge: a lasting and highly visible manifestation of ancestral presence. Yet, making sense of the social and ideological significance of barrows poses several problems, like understanding why only specific burials were marked with mounds. Conventional theory sees barrows as privileged for (martial) chiefs, but there are now reasons to see such graves as more complex ritualized contexts, expressing specific cultural values and identities rather than power and wealth. It is also hard to make sense of the role of barrows in the landscape, and to understand the often remarkable spatial orderings of barrow groups as well as how barrows were embedded in the wider cultural landscape.

The proposed project will investigate these problems using the rich barrow evidence from the southern and central Netherlands for the Late Neolithic-Middle Bronze Age period (2900-1100 BC). Our research will be carried out at three spatial levels, each one subject of a PhD thesis. One will study the social identity of the dead in barrows by investigating the life-cycles of all artifacts in burial inventories by means of sourcing and use-wear analyses. The second will seek out how and why barrows came to form entire barrow landscapes. The third will reconstruct the environment of barrow landscapes by means of pollen analysis, to find out how the land of the dead was interwoven with the world of the living.

A book will integrate the results of the separate projects and place it in a European context. Partnership with a British project on barrows will provide us with the special opportunity to write a joint article on an in-depth comparison of results from either side of the North Sea. Local authorities in the study region like the Royal Estate will co-fund the project: they are interested in the results for development of cultural tourism and heritage management of barrows.

Articles

• Mphil K Wentink (2008). crafting axes, producing meaning. Neolithic axe deposition in the northern Netherlands. Archaeological Dialogues. pp. 151-173
• drs Q.P.J. Bourgeois, drs L Armkreutz, drs R Panhuizen (2009). The Niersen Beaker burial. a renewed study of a century-old excavation. Journal of Archaeology of the Low Countries. pp. 83-105
• drs J W de Kort, Q P J Bourgeois, dr S Arnoldussen (2009). A barrow for a camp-site? The disturbed barrow of Rhenen - Elsterberg (Unitas 4). Lunula. Archaeologia protohistorica. pp. 177-188
• D R Fontijn, M Parlevliet, J Zuyderwijk (2009). Het grafheuvelproject in Apeldoorn. Westerheem. Tijdschrift voor de Nederlandse Archeologie. pp. 255-267
• A.L. van Gijn (2009). The use of exotic flint and the neolithisation of the Lower Rhine Bassin (NL). Internet Archaeology. pp. 26-27
• A.L. van Gijn, Y. Lammers-Keijsers (2010). Toolkits for ceramic production. informal tools and the importance of high power use-wear analysis. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française. pp. 755-762
• A.L. van Gijn (2010). Het gebruik van vuursteen in de Vlaardingertijd. Westerheem. pp. 81-89
• dr D.R. Fontijn (2010). Mittelbronzezeitliche Kriegergraeber und Waffendeponierungen in Nordbelgien und den Niederlanden. Beitraege zur Ur- und Fruehgeschichte Mitteleuropas . pp. 161-169

Bijdragen aan boeken

• A.L. van Gijn, C. Nieuwenhuis, N. Skakun, L. Longo (2008). Cereal harvesting and processing at the middle Neolithic site of Schipluiden, a coastal site in the Lower-Rhine basin.. in: Prehistoric Technology 40 Years Later. : . pp. 453-456
• prof. dr. A.L. van Gijn, Mphil K Wentink, C Hamon, B Quilliec (2008). Neolithic depositions in the Northern Netherlands. in: Hoards from the Neolithic to the Metal Ages. Technical and codified practices. Oxford: . pp. 29-43
• dr D.R. Fontijn, C Hamon, B Quilliec (2008). Trader "hoards". Reviewing the relationship between trade and permanent deposition.The case of the Dutch Voorhout hoard. in: Hoards from the Neolithic to the Metal Ages. Technical and codified practices.. Oxford: . pp. 5-17
• q.p.j. bourgeois, D.R. Fontijn, H. Fokkens, S. Arnoldussen (2008). Houses and barrows in the Low Countries. in: Bronze Age settlements in the Low Countries. Oxford: . pp. 41-58
• M Lodewijckx, C C Bakels (2009). Frontier settlements of the LBK in central Belgium. in: Creating communities. New advances in Central European Neolithic research. : . pp. 32-49
• D R Fontijn, P Clark (2009). Land at the other end of the sea?. in: Bronze Age Connections. Oxford: . pp. 129-148
• C.C. Bakels, L. Meurkens (2009). Pollenanalyse van een kringgreppel uit de vroege bronstijd/midden-bronstijd. in: Laat-prehistorische nederzettingssporen en graven op de sandr-vlakte bij Elst. : . pp. 103-104
• C. Vermeeren, R de Leeuwe, A. van Hilst, H. Fokkens, D. Fontijn, I.M. van Wijk, R. Jansen, H. Fokkens, I.M. van Wijk (2009). Resultaten van het definitieve onderzoek. in: Het grafveld Oss-Zevenbergen.. : . pp. 69-139
• A.L. van Gijn, G. Cooney, B. O`Conner, J. Chapman (2009). The ideological significance of flint for Neolithic and Bronze Age communities in the Rhine/Meuse delta of the Netherlands. in: Materialitas,Working Stone, Carving Identity. Oxford: . pp. 127-137
• prof.dr. A.L. van Gijn, B. Eriksen (2010). Not at all obsolete! The use of flint in the Bronze Age Netherlands.. in: Lithic technology in metal using societies.. Aarhus: . pp. 45-60
• D.R. Fontijn, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Preface: why this book. in: Living near the Dead.. Leiden: . pp. 11-12. ISBN 9789088900556.
• D.R. Fontijn, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Introduction- Problem and reseaech aims. in: Living near the Dead. Leiden: . pp. 13-28
• D.R. Fontijn, Q. Bourgeois, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Burial mound Unitas 1: an Early Bronze Age barrow with traces of Iron Age activities. in: Living near the Dead. : . pp. 29-48
• D.R. Fontijn, Q. Bourgeois, C. van der Linde, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Mound Delfin 190: A Middle Bronze Age barrow built over the traces of a Middle Bronze Age settlement site. in: Living near the Dead.. : . pp. 49-72
• D.R. Fontijn, P. Valentijn, A. Louwen, Q. Bourgeois, K. Wentink, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Finds from the Unitas 1 mound and its surroundings.. in: Living near the Dead. : . pp. 73-90
• D.R. Fontijn, Q. Bourgeois, P. Valentijn, K. Wentink, A. Louwen, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Finds from the Delfin 190- mound and its surroundings. in: Living near the Dead.. : . pp. 91-106
• C. Bakels, D.R. Fontijn (2010). Pollen analysis. in: Living near the Dead. : . pp. 107-108
• D.R. Fontijn, D.R. Fontijn (2010). The Elsterberg barrows: Living near the Dead?. in: Living near the Dead. : . pp. 131-154
• L. Theunissen, D.R. Fontijn, R. Kok, D.R. Fontijn (2010). The future of the Elsterberg barrows. in: Living near the Dead. : . pp. 155-160
• D.R. Fontijn (2011). Preface: on the chatty Echo girl and her forgotten barrows. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 11-12
• D.R. Fontijn (2011). Barrow excavations at the Echoput. Problem, research aims and method of the 2007 fieldwork campaign. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 13-32
• D.R. Fontijn, drs C van der Linde (2011). Mound 1. A Monumental Iron Age barrow. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 33-64
• Q. Bourgeois, D.R. Fontijn (2011). Antiquarian leftovers- Mound 2. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 65-90
• Mphil P. Valentijn, D.R. Fontijn (2011). Excavating the surroundings of the barrows. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 91-110
• A. Louwen, A. Verbaas, D.R. Fontijn, P. Valentijn, C. van der Linde (2011). Finds. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 129-142
• drs M. Doorenbosch (2011). An environmental history of the Echoput barrows. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 111-128
• D.R. Fontijn (2011). The genesis and history of the Echoput barrows. in: Iron Age Echoes. Leiden: . pp. 149-162
• D.R. Fontijn, A.L. van Gijn, K. Wentink, V Davis, M. Edmonds (2011). Changing contexts, changing meanings: Flint axes in Middle and Late Neolithic communities in the Northern Netherlands. in: Stone Axe Studies III. Oxford: . pp. 399-408
• D.R. Fontijn, J. Muller, S. Hansen (2011). The ?ritual? fabric of prehistoric landscape. Funerary places and deposition sites in the Low Countries, c. 5000 to 1500 BC cal. in: Sozialarchäologische Perspektiven. Berlin: . pp. 429-447